The art of calligraphy and painting sublimates the ancients' perception of humanity and nature and Thoughts on paper in the form of aesthetic atmosphere. It is not only the treasure of Chinese culture, but also the essence. Since ancient times, many rich men will feel honored and delighted to get a genuine masterpiece. What comprehensive factors should be combined in the identification of calligraphy and painting collection?

現(xiàn)代生活中，也有許多書畫收藏愛好者或者投資者。如今書畫市場仍然存在著不少可以亂人眼目的贗品，因此書畫鑒定是一個(gè)非常重要的過程，掌握一定的鑒定常識和知識也是很必要的。書畫鑒定的過程涉及的知識面也很廣泛，在進(jìn)行鑒定時(shí)也要考慮多方面的因素來進(jìn)行綜合評定。下面我們可以從幾方面來進(jìn)行淺析分享。

In modern life, there are also many calligraphy and painting collection lovers or investors. Nowadays, there are still many fakes that can confuse people's eyes in the calligraphy and painting market. Therefore, calligraphy and painting identification is a very important process, and it is also necessary to master certain identification common sense and knowledge. The process of calligraphy and painting appraisal involves a wide range of knowledge, and various factors should be considered for comprehensive evaluation. Now we can analyze and share from several aspects.

通常，我們可以結(jié)合作者本人的資料、特殊的時(shí)空特點(diǎn)以及作者所處的時(shí)代的藝術(shù)特征等方面來作為鑒定的判斷依據(jù)。方面是深入了解書畫家本人的生卒時(shí)間或者字號、籍貫等，這是作偽者很容易忽略的不注意的細(xì)節(jié)問題，也相對容易被我們發(fā)現(xiàn)。

Usually, we can combine the author's own data, special space-time characteristics and the artistic characteristics of the author's era as the judgment basis of identification. On the one hand, it is to have an in-depth understanding of the birth and death time, font size and native place of the calligrapher and painter. This is a detail that the counterfeiter is easy to ignore and is relatively easy to be found by us.

另外一種方法就是通過歷代帝王的年號來鑒定，這方面的知識對于鑒定也是有一定用處的，而且可以起到很大的作用。這個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)主要是指歷代帝王的年號在終結(jié)或者剛剛開始的時(shí)候是交叉的，往往并不是整月或者整年。

Another method is to identify through the years of emperors in previous dynasties. This knowledge is also useful for identification, and can play a great role. This detail mainly refers to that the year numbers of emperors of previous dynasties are crossed at the end or at the beginning, often not the whole month or the whole year.

在這里還要提到一種很有技巧的作偽復(fù)舊的方法，那就是“揭裱舊字畫”。這種方法對于作偽者的技術(shù)也有著很高的要求。揭裱，如果操作不當(dāng)，原字畫也會(huì)被毀于一旦。但是這種方法仿真度很高。它具體是指揭裱名人字畫常用的二層，通過對與原著相差不多的二層進(jìn)行潤色、裝裱等，來以假亂真，這個(gè)復(fù)舊的效果是很逼真的，很難辨別真?zhèn)沃档米屑?xì)研究，認(rèn)真加以鑒定辨別。當(dāng)然，我們還可以通過長時(shí)間的積累來從作者的用筆習(xí)慣、風(fēng)格等直觀或者間接的方法來鑒定。多多收集充實(shí)這方面的知識，無疑是對于鑒定也有著很大的幫助和作用。

Here we also need to mention a very skilled method of counterfeiting and restoring the old, that is "uncovering and mounting old calligraphy and paintings". This method also has high requirements for the technology of counterfeiters. Uncovering and mounting, if the operation is improper, the original calligraphy and painting will also be destroyed. But this method has a high degree of simulation. It specifically refers to uncovering and mounting the two layers commonly used in celebrity calligraphy and painting. By polishing and mounting the two layers similar to the original, it can confuse the false with the true. The effect of this restoration is very realistic, it is difficult to distinguish the true from the false, which is worthy of careful study and careful identification. Of course, we can also identify the author's pen habits, styles and other intuitive or indirect methods through long-term accumulation. Collecting and enriching this knowledge is undoubtedly of great help and role for identification.

其中熟悉書法作者的個(gè)人風(fēng)格是很關(guān)鍵的一步，每位書法家都會(huì)在長時(shí)間的創(chuàng)作中因?yàn)樾愿?、?xí)慣、情趣等等原因，而形成自己獨(dú)特的作品風(fēng)情。而且他們一般都有自己的用筆習(xí)慣或其他的創(chuàng)作規(guī)律可循。

Among them, being familiar with the personal style of the calligrapher is a key step. Every calligrapher will form his own unique style of work due to personality, habits, interests and other reasons in his long-term creation. And they generally have their own pen habits or other creative rules to follow.

比如我們可以運(yùn)用核對印章的方法來進(jìn)行對比鑒別。這種辦法運(yùn)用時(shí)要有一個(gè)經(jīng)鑒定為真品的印章作為范本，然后從需要鑒別的印章的筆劃的曲折程度及特點(diǎn)、尺寸或者篆法等方面仔細(xì)比對，如果發(fā)現(xiàn)有很明顯的出入，就要多加小心，并且進(jìn)行更加仔細(xì)的甄別了。我們還可以通過著錄等間接的方法來進(jìn)行鑒別。有些間接的方法一樣可以起到信任作用。

For example, we can use the method of checking seals for comparison and identification. When using this method, we should first have a seal that has been identified as genuine as a model, and then carefully compare the twists and turns of the strokes and characteristics, size or seal method of the seal to be identified. If there are obvious differences, we should be more careful and conduct more careful screening. We can also identify through indirect methods such as recording. Some indirect methods can also play a role of trust.