Through investigation, it can be seen that many ancient calligraphy and paintings are damaged and peeled off due to factors such as natural erosion, insect infestation, and mold. In response to this situation, timely repair operations must be carried out to make the picture more rich and complete.

在揭好舊畫心后，若其保持完整，則可以通過對比命紙較淺的舊色紙托。在揭好命紙之后，還需要仔細修補破損之處，例如，在對洞口進行修補時，應該保證古舊字畫用紙和畫心紙保持一致，這也就意味著工作人員在日常工作中應該做好舊紙收藏工作，或者提前染出顏色相近的宣紙，為后續(xù)修補提供便利。

After uncovering the old heart of the painting, if it remains intact, it can be compared to a lighter colored paper holder. After uncovering the life paper, it is also necessary to carefully repair the damaged areas. For example, when repairing the hole, it should be ensured that the paper used for ancient calligraphy and painting is consistent with the heart paper. This means that staff should collect old paper in their daily work or dye rice paper with similar colors in advance to provide convenience for subsequent repairs.

細補與隱補是兩種補缺方法，其中，細補法就是先在洞口邊緣通過小毛筆的利用來涂好稀糊，并以破洞大小為依據(jù)，合理剪裁補紙，保證洞口補紙紋的準確性。而隱補法則是指在實際修補之前，先將洞口周邊雜物、紙屑等干凈，并把洞口邊緣搓成坡口，然后用絹或者是紙托起畫心，在托紙背面修補好破裂處

Fine filling and hidden filling are two filling methods, among which, fine filling method is to first apply a thin paste on the edge of the hole through the use of a small brush, and based on the size of the hole, cut and fill the paper reasonably to ensure the accuracy of the hole filling paper pattern. The hidden filling method refers to the process of removing debris, paper scraps, and other debris from the surrounding area of the hole before actual repair, and then rolling the edge of the hole into a groove. Then, use silk or paper to support the painting center, and finally repair the broken area on the back of the supporting paper

兩種方法都是對局部缺失畫心進行補救的方式，區(qū)別只在于位置，即細補是先補好破損位置后托到命紙上，而隱補則是在命紙后直接修補破損位置。在對書畫進行再次揭裱時，隱補方式需要再次對洞口邊緣進行處理，必然會損害古舊書畫，而細補則只需要去除命紙，可以為古舊書畫保護提供便利

Both methods are used to remedy local missing center lines, with the only difference being the location. Fine patching involves first repairing the damaged position and then placing it on the life paper, while hidden patching involves directly repairing the damaged position after the life paper. When re exposing and mounting calligraphy and painting, the hidden filling method requires further treatment of the edge of the hole, which will inevitably damage the ancient calligraphy and painting. However, fine filling only requires the removal of the life paper, which can provide convenience for the protection of ancient calligraphy and painting